⬛ TEXTO — Itens (13 a 19)
The term AI winter refers to a period of reduced funding in the development of AI. In general, AI has followed a path on which proponents overstate what is possible, inducing people with no technology knowledge at all, but lots of money, to make investments. A period of criticism then follows when AI fails to meet expectations, and, finally, the reduction in funding occurs.
A number of these cycles have occurred over the years — all of them devastating to true progress. AI is currently in a new hype phase because of machine learning, a technology that helps computers learn from data. Having a computer learn from data means not depending on a human programmer to set operations (tasks), but rather deriving them directly from examples that show how the computer should behave. It’s like educating a baby by showing it how to behave through example. Machine learning has pitfalls because the computer can learn how to do things incorrectly through careless teaching.
Scientists are working on machine learning algorithms, each one from a different point of view. At this time, the most successful solution is deep learning, which is a technology that strives to imitate the human brain. Deep learning is possible because of the availability of powerful computers, smarter algorithms, large datasets produced by the digitalization of our society, and huge investments from businesses such as Google, Facebook, Amazon, and others that take advantage of this AI renaissance for their own businesses.
People are saying that the AI winter is over because of deep learning, and that’s true for now. However, when you look around at the ways in which people are viewing AI, you can easily figure out that another criticism phase will eventually occur unless proponents tone the rhetoric down. AI can do amazing things, but they’re a mundane sort of amazing.
🔗 Texto adaptado de: John Paul Mueller; Luca Massaron. Artificial Intelligence For Dummies. Hoboken (New Jersey): John Wiley & Sons, 2022.
14. Wealthy people with no technology knowledge are told by proponents to invest in the development of AI because the latter truly believe it is a good investment.
Gabarito: ERRADO
🧭 1️⃣ Leitura orientada
O item exige atenção à motivação atribuída aos proponentes da IA e se essa motivação é explicitamente declarada no texto.
📝 2️⃣ Análise técnica
O texto afirma que os proponentes overstate what is possible, induzindo pessoas ricas, porém sem conhecimento técnico, a investir. Em nenhum momento o autor afirma que esses proponentes acreditam sinceramente que a IA seja um bom investimento.
A frase do item introduz a motivação “because the latter truly believe…”, que não está presente no texto e representa uma inferência psicológica não autorizada.
🚩 3️⃣ Armadilhas da banca
A banca explora a atribuição indevida de intenção: transforma uma descrição crítica do comportamento dos proponentes em uma justificativa baseada em crença sincera.
🧠 4️⃣ Resumo B3GE™ Master
✔ O texto descreve exagero retórico, não crença sincera.
✔ Não há indicação de motivação altruísta ou convicção pessoal.
✔ O item acrescenta uma causa inexistente no texto.
🔎 Item ERRADO.